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>The USB protocol gives the drive access to all (physical) memory on the machine

Source? Unless you're using something like usb 4 (ie. thunderbolt) usb devices don't have DMA access.

Even thunderbolt wouldn’t have arbitrary dma access unless your machine is lacking iommu

What about direct DMA access to the memory?

IOMMU typically controls access so that the peripheral only has access to memory the OS allows it to have.