My theory is lots of people who want to circumvent Iranian internet censorship rely on tunnels/VPNs hosted on Hetzner, which correlates those IPs with `Accept-Language: fa` and GPS locations collected from Android or other similar behavior.
That's almost certainly the case. I use Tor semi-regularly and many Tor exit relay IPs are identified as being in Iran which is just not possible.
I think a more likely explanation is that Hetzner just acquired some IPv4 address ranges that were previously used in Iran
I think that might be less likely given the trade restrictions. There's no way an Iranian ISP just gave Hetzner those IPv4 addresses free of charge.
Yeah, I had the same theory when Google did this with a free-tier VPN IP that was in Turkey. It claimed I was in Tehran - and, when I looked at the map of servers, the Turkish server I was connected to was the closest to Tehran.