By "Otherwise", I will give the example of China and its social credit system that got people to stop spitting in the street by deducting social credit points.
Social credit system is not likely to work for as long as the opportunity costs of having kids outweighs whatever punishments the government hands out for not having kids. And in a modern market economy the opportunity cost of having a child is huge indeed.
Cultural change is hard. It is very hard. If it was easy, the USSR would have succeeded in creating the New Soviet Man instead of generations of super cynical people.
A social credit score only works in an authoritarian regime where you can be hauled off for even slightly criticizing the government. We certainly don't want to resort to anything like that for any problem, as the "solution" is worse.