I tried making some pre-scaled sprites, and the ROM footprint had to be pretty large to afford enough size steps for reasonably smooth motion as the train moved past objects. Even then, all that sprite drawing was starting to dip the frame rate.
So, I experimented with a pre-rendered approach, and that was a huge unlock. Eventually I was able to wrangle it into something that I think worked even better in the end! The pre-rendered video based approach allowed way more elaborate detail and I didn't have to worry about frame rate anymore.