As in many countries that are similar, they may now have a laptop/pc but will often have a cheap android phone.
I worked on a team that had a bunch of folks from India who had been escalation engineers for big software companies. They were awesome—- at restoring services. Terrible at building or sustaining. Probably because they were trained well at troubleshooting and repair.
Another team I was on probably consisted of the smartest people I’ve ever met, period. All Indian, but from a pure university edu path and never worked in a big outsourcing shop.
At the end, people are people.
Likely China is also able to make use of their numbers, but they're able to keep much of their talent internal. Or it goes through proxies like Singapore, HK, Taiwan.
Corollary: Countries with really good education probably isn't as cost effective as well. Maybe it is for higher end stuff like ML or operating systems, but the filter for a React programmer is entirely different.