As far as I know, there isn't any kind of tsconfig rule to disallow this (please correct me if I'm missing something here!). So unless you're using tools I don't know about, this is kind of a mandatory last bastion of "any".
You can disallow any, enable the strictest possible null/undefined checks (including noUncheckedIndexedAccess). And there's also the assertion TS check that normally prevents erroneous type assertions.
But "as unknown as MyType" is not preventable by means of tsc, as far as I know. Unless there's an option I don't know do disable this kind of assertion (or even all assertions).
Because of the hefty CI runtime increase, myself I opposed to adding it. We have lots of parallel branches that people work on and many code reviews every day, where the CI just needs to run from a clean slate so to speak.
But most of the current long CI run penalty in the frontend of that comes from tsc, not ESLint, in my case.
I might look into it again.
In the project there already are all kinds of optimizations (caching to speed up full Ci runs with common isolated parts of a monorepo).
And for TS, project references + incremental builds for development are used, tsc in a monorepo would be miserable without them.