Most of the video-codec-derived formats (HEIC, HEIF) use DCT. Webp also uses DCT (and arguably webp is video-codec-derived too).

JPEG-XL also uses DCT.

As an aside, while PNG uses deflate for entropy coding, the conceptual analog to DCT in the context of PNG would be its row filters. JPEG's entropy coding isn't all that different to PNG's (aside from the arithmetic coding option which isn't widely used).