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And Microsoft doesn't even offer the option of userspace anti-malware hooks, which they could easily do in conjunction with the kernel stuff. I think all they have is AMSI, which is only for scanning PowerShell scripts and such.

If you want to hook process execution or file access, you're writing a kernel driver.

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Yes indeed. But the point they keep making is that the agreement with the EU somehow stopped them from doing this. Which is BS.

They could easily have added a userspace API if they wanted to. It could have existed side by side with the kernel option, as long as they keep using that for Defender too. Only once they stop using kernel access in their own security products can they force the other vendors to use a new API, which makes sense. Otherwise they'd use it as a sales bullet point ("Our product has full system access, others don't"). Which would destroy the antimalware market. The US benefits from this too.

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