From a pure economic incentives perspective, I don't think that wealthy countries will solve their birth rate issues until parents are financially on par with or even ahead of childfree people.

It's hard to see how this could be done without heavy transfer payments/subsidies or restricting careers/promotions based on family size. These will of course generate all sorts of adverse side effects.

As a result, the general solution is to use immigration to blunt labor shortages and hope that natural selection will eventually favor natalist psychologies/cultures. This too has a lot of negative side effects.