I think we are applying the wrong model here. We should not try to force-fit an app store model. A more applicable model is that of a decentralized internet and intranet. As in the case of intra-net, even though there were no visible benefits to the end-user, it did help the business itself improve margins by making information broadly available. Then just like the internet I would see these AI optimisations to work with one another Ex: It's totally possible that a model from Amazon and DHL talk to each other to optimize package delivery given a constraint like a truck parked on a loading dock and unable to move.

#1 Just like the intranet there are a lot of productivity gains that firms like Tesla, Meta, Google and Amazon can gain internally by optimizing their own workflows. That in itself should justify the investment. Granted some of these optimisations will use their own chips instead of Nvidia, but Nvidia will get a lion-share of this.

#2. Then there are other verticals - pharma, oil and gas, logistics who can optimize their internal workflows to gain productivity. It just helps them improve their margins. No end user benefit may be realized and that’s fine.

#3. Nation states are buying GPUs too. Ex: Falcon2 was trained on a cluster owned by a middle eastern country. Nation states see something larger at stake here than just releasing an app. This does not have to even be a profitable endeavour.