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Fun fact: the only credit cards in America that do not share credit card data with 3rd parties are:

1/ Apple Card 2/ Local Credit Union Cards

Apple doesn’t even have access to your transaction history as it is sired E2E encrypted in iCloud or on your local device. Goldman Sachs has access but they do not share it by the terms of their contract with Apple and privacy agreement.

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Credit unions rely entirely on third parties for their infrastructure. FIS, Fiserv.

Doubt Goldman Sachs can’t see it either - would make dispute handling and fraud prevention near impossible.

I happen to know dispute handling was challenging for GS to implement for the Apple Cards.

Regardless of who handles the underlying payment rails (FIS, Fiserve, GS) it is the agreement that the payment processor has with the issuing bank that determines the ability to re-sell tx data to 3rd parties.

Apple and Credit Unions have specifically put in place guardrails to protect their customer’s data. All other CC issuers optimize for the extra revenue at the expense of their user’s privacy.

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