The only scenario I can think of is the "swoop and stoop", which is what insurance fraudsters do to induce a rear-end collision. A car from a neighboring lane suddenly changes lanes in front of you while also slamming on the brakes.

> This includes things like a ... sudden lane change exposing a stopped car.

Oooh, this one has almost gotten me a couple of times. I'm much more defensive now, and when I see a car ahead changing lanes, I assume they're dodging a block wall with orphans sitting on top.

Basically, leave enough distance in front of you so even if the car you're following magically freezes in place, you have enough time to react, and still enough time after reaction to actually stop. In the real world this can be difficult to maintain. The amount of space will invite interlopers. In those situations, follow a car that you can see past, and look at more than just the car you're following.