ShiftIt: https://github.com/fikovnik/ShiftIt
TileWindows: http://www.carsten-mielke.com/tilewindows.html
Mercury Mover: http://www.heliumfoot.com/mercurymover/
... Or if you like mouse control of window placement:
MondoMouse: http://www.atomicbird.com/mondomouse
Zooom/2: http://coderage-software.com/zooom/index_green/index.html
Cinch: http://www.irradiatedsoftware.com/cinch/
... Or if you like a bit of both keyboard and mouse:
Optimal Layout: http://most-advantageous.com/optimal-layout/
Arrange: http://www.trifle.pl/arrange.html
Divvy: http://mizage.com/divvy/
BetterTouchTool and BetterSnapTool: http://blog.boastr.net/
Flexiglass: http://www.nulana.com/flexiglass
Moom: http://manytricks.com/moom/
And throwing this one in to just show that it can get exotic:
http://infinite-labs.net/afloat/
.... I could go on. OS X does not lack for people who disagree with Apple's idea of window management. There's lots of tools out there, if you just look for them :)