> the vast, vast majority of the US does not have a functional local government that does any of those things.
Not very true for municipalities with above minimal population. It is true that some local govs are less funded, ergo less effective. But the trend is to do well with the resources available.
> I remember calling the police
Police are not code enforcement.
> Florida told me, the local government doesn't want to pay for roads, services, or amenities for any new developments,
I'm FL for 30 years. Local govs don't tax for neighborhood road improvements. They do tax for code enforcement. Residents get what they pay for and code enforcement is pretty good - responsive but not onerous.
source: volunteered for code enforcement for 4 years