The preprocessor is generally recognized as one of C's biggest flaws, is not for nothing that Ken Thompson, the first C programmer and the greatest influence on the language other than DMR himself, cut down most of the preprocessor when he wrote his own set of C compilers for Plan 9: http://doc.cat-v.org/plan_9/4th_edition/papers/comp
And of course Go has no preprocessor.
As for your second complaint, one can't blame C for gcc's extensions ;)
You should try Go, many people would consider it C's spiritual successor (or as somebody put it: the language the people who created C would come up if they had 40 years to think about how to polish and improve it), it keeps all the simplicity of C, while being probably the most readable language I have used, it is concise but keeps everything explicit, and figuring what code does is very easy, because code does what it says and says what it does, no dark magic needed.