They don't. For all the power an HOA might have in their street or apartment block, outside of that very small boundary they're nothing. We're not talking about Boeing or Morgan Stanley or PG&E here.
HOAs are actually popular by choice - developers wouldn't set them up for "80% of available houses" if the houses were more valuable without them.
2% of people have horror story experiences with corrupt HOAs pocketing their cash. 23% of people just get poor value for money where some asshole changes a lightbulb and charges 100 residents $1 each. 75% of people have a tolerable experience, and quite like the fact their neighbour can't park an RV on their driveway and rent it out on airbnb, and if that means limiting what people are allowed to do on their own driveway, so be it.
Except for Texas, I have not heard of being forced into an HOA. You choose to join one when buying a property in a neighborhood that has one.
What's the story with Texas?