I suppose you could count Venezuelans going hungry as "criminals".
But I wouldn't.
But I wouldn't.
Of course, people there may use it for that purpose, but that demand is a negligible part of the overall demand for cryptocurrencies.
Actual definition: In the Western world, a "criminal" is any person tried and convicted of breaking the law.
Your definition is, however, correct for how it sometimes works and how "they" would like it to work. (where your use of the word "mandate" means "whichever direction the wind is currently blowing").
https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w29396/w293...
> For example, illegal transactions, scams and gambling together make up less than 3% of volume.
Sure there's the odd dumb criminal who doesn't understand the prosecutorial implications of an immutable public ledger. But it pales in comparison, according to the actual data.
That source says, when it comes to the demand in terms of spending crypto for goods or services:
> 46% of transactions are due to illegal transactions
If Bob transfers $10 back and forth between both of his bank accounts 99 times and then buys $10 worth of crack, would you say that 1% of Bobs money was used for illegal purposes or 100% of it was used for illegal purposes? Depends on what specifically you're trying to measure.
There are two things here that are simultaneously true:
1. A small percent of BTC transactions are for illicit purposes.
2. A large percentage of the goods and services purchased with BTC are illicit.
"We first document that 90% of transaction volume on the Bitcoin blockchain is not tied to economically meaningful activities".
How much of the actually meaningful use is legal? E.g. buying good and services, not evading laws, regulations, sales taxes etc.
Global GDP is $101T. Global yearly forex volume is $2738T. So by this logic you should conclude that 96% of transaction volume in the traditional financial system is also not tied to economically meaningful activities. You're going to be disappointed if you want to believe society as a whole is any less financialized than bitcoin.
What do you think would be an acceptable percentage of speculation?
https://www.compareforexbrokers.com/forex-trading/statistics...
Surely what we actually care about is how many useful, legal, meaningful transactions there are.
For example if for every 1 legal transaction there is 3 illegal transactions and 96 speculative or maintenance transactions... it starts looking like this is predominantly for criminal uses even though only 3% of transactions are criminal.
Why didn't you name one?