Afraid a Celeron isn't very competitive with an i5, even at the same speed. At least not comparing to similarly clocked computers running here. A dual-core Celeron based PC here is significantly slower than a similarly clocked i5 Mac Mini.
So Clock frequency IS the main differentiator here, 1.9Ghz vs 2.3-2.9Ghz (with turbo), which probably corresponds to 30% to 60% difference in general.
Specs of both processors:
Celeron B840: http://ark.intel.com/products/59801/Intel-Celeron-Processor-...
i5-2415M: http://ark.intel.com/products/53449/Intel-Core-i5-2415M-Proc...
The main difference is that the Chromebox is limited to 4GB of RAM, whereas you can put upto 16GB in the Mini.