Since you mentioned MMAP: "Are You Sure You Want to Use MMAP in Your Database Management System?" https://www.cidrdb.org/cidr2022/papers/p13-crotty.pdf
Also worth mentioning LMDB, probably the fastest embedded K/V db in terms of read perf uses mmap.
Another potential issue was that they compared their mmap code to fio O_DIRECT code, which kinda not clean experiment, fio could be just much more optimized itself..