Many 3D content creation tools such as Blender [0] have SDF [1] (e.g. metaballs in Blender) and CSG [2] (e.g. boolean modifier in Blender) features. But these are rarely used as they can only define volumes, not surfaces. And we are usually interested in surfaces for assigning textures and materials. Thus, polygons / meshes and curves / splines dominate the industry.

[0]: https://www.blender.org/ [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed_distance_function [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_solid_geometry