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>Because of the large role of foreign multinationals in Irish GDP, we do not include Ireland in intra-EU groups on panel B.

Same should be applied for Netherlands and Luxembourg.

And Cyprus.

And Malta.

Luckily UK is already out of the EU, or that would be another can of money-laundering worms!

Because the UK doesn't have any dodgy crown-dependency money-laundering tax havens?

Because UK does not appear in the article's intra-EU groups on panel B.