I use Audacious since it has a nice Qt interface and comes standard with my distro, but yes, the closest thing to foobar2000 in Linux would be DeadBeef.

foobar2k works really well in wine. Alternatively deadbeef is quite similar to foobar but without the media library functionality.

xmms and qmms are Winamp-like players for Linux.

foobar2000

I use it daily, runs great through WINE.