Most of the trains were electric, including the freight trains.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-wyR316550
(The navy blue trains with yellow 'noses' are high-speed commuter trains, the dark blue, gold and white ones are the high-speed trains to France, the plain white ones are normal-speed commuter trains to London.)
I think the continuously welded rails are the biggest improvement, as they remove most of the "clackety-clack". Instead you get the "hiss", but that's only noticeable from really close.
In fact when you live close to an airport you stop caring, perhaps not unlike smoke alarm chirps but without danger to your life.
Of course, everybody has different priorities and getting a huge noise source in your backyard after you decide to call a piece of land your home would be frustrating.
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport - used to be a very busy airport.
Living close to a small, poorly-connected airport would be far less convenient than living further away from a major airport.