I feel like you are cherry picking extremely high-profile projects that you were personally not involved in, so

(1) sometimes estimations do end up wrong and mistakes can happen, so being able to pick any example and choosing the ones that failed is disingenuous

(2) picking someone else’s projects means you have absolutely no insight into the process. sometimes I will very intentionally under- or over-estimate a deadline for political - or really practical - reasons and someone on the outside will think I messed up. the projects you picked are extremely high profile and have to contend with a lot of political forces and are probably the worst examples to pick