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They normally use "machine learning". In the past, they used catboost

https://blog.cloudflare.com/how-cloudflare-runs-ml-inference...

We use a lot of stuff. Here's another example: "To identify DGA domains, we trained a model that extends a pre-trained transformers-based neural network."

https://blog.cloudflare.com/threat-detection-machine-learnin...

Are some of these models/techniques open source?

It would be nice to integrate them into on prem solutions.

No. We open source a lot of stuff (most recently Pingora: https://blog.cloudflare.com/pingora-open-source) but the models used for protection services are not open.

See: https://blog.cloudflare.com/defensive-ai

Cloudflare is really the leader in this game

AI 8-ball says... allow "I'm afraid I can't do that, Dave".