Networking and marketing. Many opportunities come through LinkedIn. Plus several other smaller channels. I engage recruiters in conversation, but not one of them has ever come to me with an opportunity that is worth a damn that I would consider leaving my current position for. I've always viewed recruiters as a means for job seekers who don't want to pursue the opportunities themselves.
Of the times I have used a recruiter get get a new job (maybe four or five times over my entire career, only once in the past 23 years), not once have any of them helped in the negotiation or pushed the process forward. I got the feeling they just submitted my C.V. and then collected the cheque once I got hired.
Not much advice I know, and what works for me doesn't necessarily mean it will work for other people.