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How many working Americans own shares of those three companies through their retirement portfolios?

Since they're mostly not public, I'd say probably very few.

From TFA:

> To make things even more complex, many of these large companies are not traded publicly on the stock market, meaning their total number of holdings is not easily available to the public. Because Invitation Homes is publicly traded

Some of the largest investors in private equity REITs are retirement funds.

Invitation Homes (NYSE: INVH) is part of S&P500, so I'd say very many (owning a tiny share). Ownership of INVH is overwhelmingly institutional (investment/mutual/retirement funds): https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/INVH/holders

It's worth bearing in mind when talking about retirement portfolios that the top richest 10% of Americans of 93% of US shares and the top 1% own 54%.

Working Americans own the scraps.

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