Three companies own 19,000 rental houses in Atlanta, GA
news.gsu.edu
news.gsu.edu
The estimate in this study is that three different companies own a combined 19,000 housing units in the "five county" metro Atlanta area.
I realize these aren't 1:1 comparisons, but they are the best I can find. That suggests each company probably owns less than 0.5% of the area housing supply.
Open to other estimates, but think they would be pretty close to mine.
https://documents.atlantaregional.com/Land%20Use/Reviews/ID4...
In Germany it's not controversial at all and this I'm surprised to see the controversy around these corporate landlords in the US.
In US, you could be on the street if the landlord changes their mind.
Also for a lot of Americans rising housing prices is seen as a way to build wealth.
3 companies owning 11% of the single family homes available for rent in a metro area doesn't seem like a massive concentration of ownership. Some people prefer to rent rather than buy. Some people don't have savings for a down payment. Someone needs to own the houses that these people rent.
There are probably economies of scale to managing rental properties (e.g. larger companies can hire full time maintenance staff). Some people prefer to rent from small-time landlords, but those can have there problems too.
Is it the maze of LLCs? That does seem problematic.
However, I'm skeptical of much pricing control. Few other markets have such widely distributed market share. There is some stickiness in that people don't want to move often, but unless there's a major shortage (which would be the true cause of high prices), it's hard for a 5% owner to exert much on the market.
Netflix, Prime: commercials and limiting devices per household Gmail: no longer unlimited storage as promised OpenAI: still competing so remains to be seen
If these companies are being subsidized by investors to capture market those investors will want a return and things will get nasty.
And did Google ever actually promise unlimited storage for all time? (And there's still a lot of free storage. I finally broke down and added some more but just so I could avoind managing how much I was using.)
Why would someone prefer to give away money instead of invest it into their net worth ?
Are there really people that prefer renting, and wouldn’t buy even if they could afford to? Are they common?
Mortgage (in dollar terms) is the least you will ever pay per month.
Combine that with the ease of movement between renting and owning and it's absolutely something many people prefer.
Whether they would rather have a house - or - rent but have a down payment's worth of money, I think is a better question
E.g. would you prefer to rent the same house at $2000 month, or own at $4000/mo? It might not be this bad in Atlanta but in many areas the rent/buy ratio is that bad now.
Obviously almost all renters would take a "free and clear" ownership of the same house they're currently renting; that's a six figure freebee.
And many owners will not fully exhibit "buyer's remorse" just because the cost of ownership is so high.
And no home-owner loves facing down the $10-50k repairs that a house can need now and then.
And like you see, it is much more than you'd expect at first, because so many things only "pop up" every 10/20/30 years. A $20k roof replacement done every 30 years is $60 a month or so, and how many of those kind of things are hiding in a house? Hint: the depreciation tables from the IRS are not a gift ...
I agree with the points upthread that a lot of people like the idea of home ownership but don't appreciate all the ongoing costs--including the amortized costs of unexpected things. (I just paid $1K to get a big tree that came down dealt with which fortunately didn't cause any actual damage.
The difference is single family unit vs shared walls, not owning vs renting.
In ideal situations, I think almost everyone would prefer owning over renting.
I don't think that's true at all especially for people earlier in life/career. Even had I had more money in a brokerage account, I'm pretty sure I wouldn't have made a home purchase (whether single family house or condo) before I did. And I don't think that's all that unusual for people 10 years out of school or so.
Yes, I was at a point when I could afford it but I was also mentally ready to put down some more roots.
I really do believe the large majority of people renting are doing so because they can't afford to buy.
https://www.lendingtree.com/home/mortgage/homeownership-rent...
Pretty clear to me.
Paying rent instead of a mortgage is a cost.
If the rent is bringing in less money than the upkeep costs of the property, why is the landlord renting it out?
There's an entire segment of the market that is priced out of buying. That doesn't mean they want to rent.
Maybe back when housing wasn't so tight this was the case. That isn't it anymore. Sure you have to queue up a bunch of things like a realtor and a mortgage broker but the benefits of getting equity outweigh the supposed convenience of renting .
You mean… how. Cash? Mortgage? Buying is easy, running the thing not necessarily. What are you going to do if you lose the job? Health? What’s your plan for when you get old? Do you see the work around the house?
Do you remember Lehman Brothers and why it happened? Because so many thought they could afford it! Have they increased their net worth?
Is that a new build? Second hand? How old? When is the roof to be replaced? Hows the isolation? What’s the quality of windows and doors? Is the electrical installation ready for solar panels? And so on…
> Are there really people that prefer renting, and wouldn’t buy even if they could afford to?
Obviously.
Buying and selling a house costs about 10% (or more) (realtors, expenses, etc). So if you buy a house today for $200k, and sell it tomorrow for $200k you will lose about $20k. (Yes, there are flipping tricks and stuff you can do to reduce that, but there are costs for normal transactions.)
So the rule of thumb is "about seven years" - if you buy today, and sell in seven years, appreciation and such will "break even". Certainly if appreciation was insanely high, that will be a shorter period, if it is bad or a crash happens, it may be longer or even underwater.
But whatever the time period is, if you will not live in the house for that number of years, you're better off renting, unless rental prices are so high as to invert it.
Another example of this is where businesses often prefer to lease (even so far as to triple-net) for tax purposes and to free up capital.
https://www.lendingtree.com/home/mortgage/homeownership-rent...
Though some percentage of those renters are in highly favorable situations, like rent-controlled units that would be insanely more expensive on the open market.
I see, so maybe selling isn't that big of a hassle then? People keep bringing it up as evidence that people would rather rent, but that really doesn't seem to be the case.
So people that want to own are often reduced to renting, yet people that want to rent can easily sell to do so?
How fascinating.
He explained why he preferred renting to me: In the end, it was less hassle for him. All of the "upkeep" was someone else's responsibility. He just wrote a check every month.
(Granted, I prefer owning my own home.)
This isn’t an isolated event either. There are lots and lots of other companies.
https://fortune.com/2024/02/18/did-wall-street-make-housing-...
https://www.ajc.com/american-dream/investor-owned-houses-atl...
they are operating under a completely different model than individuals and can more easily shoulder paying more now in order to make up for it later.
kind of like two people playing the same game with a different set of rules.
It's not "shady". It's just capitalism.
Housing is something that has been spectacularly fucked in the US for historical reasons - white flight, zoning, redlining, Reagan-era policies to enrich the white burbs in perpetuity. Most of the policies that are aiding property speculators and mass landlords were intended to help "grandma keep her house," and keep "those kinds of folks" away. Naturally business noticed that this was an insanely good deal for the American homeowner and decided to get in on it, and in a large-business friendly regulatory environment we have a hard time making the case that these companies are doing something wrong.
We truly live in a dystopian reality but we're not revolting because we have been slowly boiled like the proverbial frog. There will be time when the people rise up and it will not be pretty.
Only humans should be allowed to own residential property and we should limit how many so there enough to go around, and so they are affordable.
Housing can not be simultaneously affordable and a good investment.
Clearly, they are doing this because it’s a good investment, which means houses are unaffordable for people who need a place to live.
What are you worried about here?
Private companies can profit of commercial real estate. They can profit off manufacturing and consulting.
They should not be allowed to profit on thing basic essentials that people in our society need to live when doing so means some people simply miss out.
How would you feel if we were at a buffet for every meal and a private company took so much food you and your family got barely scraps, day after day, year after year?
That is PRECISELY what we're doing with housing.
Build houses. Flood the market with houses.
That would be great. So, ah, when are we getting started and when will they be done?
We've seen time and time again big infrastructure projects are hamstrung by red tape and NIMBYs, it's never going to happen.
Also, just the materials for a house in many parts of Canada are $500k now, so it's not like you can just magically build an affordable house.
Would you be OK with a private company owning so much drinking water you and your family miss out?
In this case, stopping or slowing this is actually pretty simple: Change the tax code which is currently overly favorable to real estate investors.
Specifically: No accelerated depreciation, stretch out the depreciation schedule to 40 years from 27.5, stop allowing 1031 exchanges, eliminate real estate step up tax basis on death, etc.
So the missing link is somehow proving the causality between "rents are high" and "3 companies own 19,000 rentals". That may seem obvious but could be very difficult to prove, especially as it may not be correct. Walmart owns 25% of the grocery business in the USA - does anyone really think grocery prices would go down if they divested? (It may still be better for society for them to do so, lowest price is not the only measurement, of course.)
First, most of these companies will hold large liability insurance protection.
But also, if someone sues and can prove negligence they can go further up the chain to the individual holding companies making the LLC shell game irrelevant.
The "best" might be to adjust property tax on a given description of dwelling unit such that it's pretty annoyingly high, but each family effectively gets one for free. Then corporations and multi-unit owners would pay that, but individuals wouldn't.
Prop 13 in CA would be much less of an issue if it excluded commercial real estate and only applied to "homesteads" owned and held by the resident owners.
I say this as someone who owned rental properties in an area that jacked up property taxes. Me and all the other landlords simply raised rent to compensate.
But if your property tax was 200%, and a home-owner's was 1%, things would change.
Now the argument about what the "minimal available housing" should be would come into play, because people who could not buy no matter what would now be homeless ...
I think we should remove carrots (the tax advantages at the federal level) instead of trying to penalize via harsher taxes.
If you think they are breaking the law then specify what law they are breaking.
... and we would have the ability to get laws that best benefit society passed.
Unfortunately
- It's almost impossible to actually hold anyone with significant money accountable for anything
- It's almost impossible to hold any company accountable for anything
- It's almost impossible to get good laws passed, because the companies pay to get the lawmakers elected
Humans are inventive and creative (and often greedy). Once we find a loophole or a point of advantage, we tend to exploit it.
For better or worse, the US legal system is slow to change so it takes a long time of people exploiting the system before the legal framework catches up.
This morning I was reading some outrage post in a local facebook group for my small town. Everyone is up in arms about a new apartment complex being built. Then someone chimes in on the thread asking where everyone was when the permits were approved (hint: no one complaining attended the meetings to voice their concerns). TLDR: get involved in local politics. Too many people assume someone else will do it (or other people will vote so I don't have to), and rarely is that the case.
Maybe if it was called and treated as a landlord revolution it would have gone better.
For those of you who DON'T know the history. Mao did just what OP wants.
It went very very badly. Like millions of people died badly.
At least the corporate landlord isn't going to control the local planning process to block housing, like small landlords and homeowners residents do.
But to me, a corporation owning a home and renting it out is no worse than anybody else renting it out, and given that they likely are more rule-abiding and knowledgeable about the rules, it's often a big win.
The surest thing to strip down the number of landlords is to slow appreciation, when appreciation is sky-high even idiots doing everything wrong come out smelling like roses.
I think a strong thing to work on would be to reduce the "single rental LLC" trick that people use to separate the various properties
That would make land-lording into a low profit respectable profession and would drive slumlords out of business. The only way to profit would be to actually be good at it would be to manage homes well. Margins would come from that, not from property speculation (how trump made his money).
It would also create a titanic amount of tax revenue from the non-productive economy (land hoarding) which would mean that taxes could be reduced or even eliminated on the productive economy (e.g. income taxes).
Ownership has other advantages for society beyond that, there's a reason people say "drive it like a rental".
What we need is systemic change, one that makes accumulating 19,000 houses unprofitable. Georgism is one potential solution to the problem of housing speculation, without resorting to randomly locking up people that "have too many houses". [1]
That's incredibly, ridicously few.
I fucking _wish_ I could rent from corporate landlords. The few times I have they've been _miles_ better than the amateur landlords that own most of my city.
The fact that they do own 19,000 homes is indicative of appreciation being insane (and they're gambling on that, when it slows down they'll dump) OR they're stuck with them for whatever reason and trying to deal with it as best they can (banks in the 2000s crisis often did NOT rent the houses they foreclosed on, because it would cost them more than just leaving them empty).
Ergo, liberalise planning.
That being said, the last thing we need is more people in prison
But I'm guessing there's some other reason that you think this makes the world worse. Can you tell me how?
I have lived in rental housing far longer than I have owned a house, and my personal politics are such that I don't think that land should be private property. I don't associate with landlords. None of my family members have ever been landlords, but again, why would this matter? (Edit: and I am younger than 50 in California, most of my friends are renters and have little hope of ever buying a home, and more friends have been forced to leave the state due to high housing costs than I have friends currently. The churn of displacement makes me furious)
The only real reason (and one that I heartily disagree with) to be against corporate ownership of single family homes is that it gives renters access to the amenities that have been hidden behind the door of a 20% down payment in a wealthy neighborhood.
Yes. I have a ton of bias around this issue, and I would imagine most people who care about it (in whatever way) do as well. I think it's much more productive to be attentive to those biases, rather than pretend they don't exist.
Consider the word "landlord". Imagine two people are trying to have conversation about the ethics of rental housing: for one of those people, a "landlord" is the person who broke the law and kicked their family our of their house; for the other, a "landlord" is their brother, who they know to be a reasonable and ethical person. Words mean really different things to different people, and that shapes the whole process of communication. If you did have family or friends who owned rental property, then I'd want to take a step back and think more carefully about how to try to find common ground.
Does that make sense?
I don't have to agree with the value system to understand the reasoning that somebody opposes corporate SFH ownership. I disagree heartily with the value system that prioritizes homeowners over renters, and views renters as disposable. But that is the only value system that I can concieve of that has a clear and reasonable argument that corporate home ownership is bad.
If you want to argue that landlords should not exist, great! If you want to argue that corporations should not exist, great! However, the particular combination that corporations should not be landlords of single family homes (but somehow multi-unit buildings is OK), has always proven to be a completely incoherent and untenable position. At least as far as I can tease out of people.
My best understanding is that the superiority of homeowners in US culture is so strong that people think that corporations shouldn't be able to have a chance at making the same profits that individual homeowners do off of housing. The core problem is the profits, not who is making the profits, but nobody seems to want to admit that homeowner profits are making housing unaffordable. And I view this obsession with corporate ownership of SFH as a way of addressing the core political problem at the heart of our affordability crisis.
I expressed it in pretty simple terms. You can disagree with my opinion, but if you don't understand it at all then I'm not sure what else there is for me to do.
My best possible understanding is that it helps people that need housing. In particular, these are single family homes, which usually require a 20% down payment in order to have access, unless somebody rents them out. The best schools and public amenities are hidden behind that 20% down payment, excluding those with less wealth. Those with more wealth are still able to rent if they want to, but this option to rent opens up housing to a lot more.
Now, if the only people that you care about are those that can afford a 20% down payment, and you want to maximize their ability to exclude people, I could see how this might "hurt" them, if they will only consider housing when there are not renters. But that's an odd definition of "people."
Your 20% down payment assumption ignore 3-5% down FHA mortgages, accessible to anyone who can fog a mirror (based on their underwriting guidelines). But no mortgage is obtainable if your can't meet the debt to income requirement [4], which most can't because the price of real estate has accelerated so far beyond what wages will support.
Certainly, not everyone wants to be a homeowner. But if you wish to a remain a renter, there is nothing preventing your rent payment from going up until unaffordable, and you end up homeless [5].
[1] https://www.moodys.com/web/en/us/about/insights/data-stories... ("Spending 30% of income on rent is the new normal in many US metros")
[2] https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/25/realestate/rent-prices-ho... | https://archive.today/txKrg ("A new Harvard report says 22.4 million households in the United States now spend more than 30 percent of their income in rent, with 12.1 million spending more than 50 percent.")
[3] https://www.npr.org/2024/01/25/1225957874/housing-unaffordab... ("Housing is now unaffordable for a record half of all U.S. renters, study finds")
[4] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/homes-for-sale-affordable-housi... ("Homes "unaffordable" in 99% of nation for average American")
[5] https://www.npr.org/homelessness-affordable-housing-crisis-r... ("Homelessness in the U.S. hit a record high last year as pandemic aid ran out")
> Homelessness in America spiked last year, reaching a record high, according to an annual count that provides a snapshot of one night in January. The report, released today by the department of Housing and Urban development, found more than 650,000 people were living in shelters or outside in tents or cars. That's up a whopping 12% from the year before.
> To advocates, it hardly comes as a surprise.
> "We simply don't have enough homes that people can afford," says Jeff Olivet, executive director of the U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness. "When you combine rapidly rising rent, that it just costs more per month for people to get into a place and keep a place, you get this vicious game of musical chairs."
(was a contract mortgage underwriter for a brief stint a lifetime ago, still very familiar with underwriting guidelines [Fannie, Freddie, FHA, USDA, VA] from a residential mortgage perspective, yet another tool to solve problems with when possible)
That has nothing to do with corporate ownership, that is all housing in the US except for the tiny tiny fraction of deed-restricted LIHTC financed means-tested housing and the minuscule amount of public housing left in the US. Corporations can own deed-restricted means-tested price controlled housing, but that's not SFH.
So there's zero change in profit seeking when corporations own homes versus anybody else owning homes. The entire real estate industry focuses on maximizing property values. Homeowners sell based on maximum price, there are zero price controls on any of it. Plus, primary residences get capital gains tax exemptions that corporations do not, further incentivizing homeowners to profit even more than corporations.
> Housing owned by corporations is housing that can't be owned by homeowners.
I think this makes it clear, you only consider the homeowners the "people" and view corporations as competitors in the housing market. I think we should have a broader view and consider the interests of renters too, as full people.
Those 3.5% down payment mortgages have additional mortgage insurance payments that are outrageous and drive up the mortgage price considerably.
We do fundamentally disagree, I do not view homeowner profits as more virtuous than corporate profits, and in fact corporate profits will be less than resident homeowner profits, due to tax incentives.
Housing is more important than profits, but corporate owned single family homes actually result in less profit than the current homeowner-run system.
I ask you, what are homeowners' profits virtuous but corporate profits not? The corporate ownership of SFH is a sign that there are huge profits in owning homes, not the cause of it.
From the perspective of homeowners, I can see that this adds another competitive player, and allows lower-income renters into wealthier neighborhoods.
I do not see why this should not happen at all.
The problems come when they own a statistically significant percentage of the market. They gain unfair price controls, have unparalleled market data, higher control over agents. All the normal things you get with monopolies.
The resource type matters too. These companies aren't building extra homes to let, they're taking over their competition, vacuuming up stock as fast as they can.
From TFA:
> To make things even more complex, many of these large companies are not traded publicly on the stock market, meaning their total number of holdings is not easily available to the public. Because Invitation Homes is publicly traded
Working Americans own the scraps.