Shaders would only (tremendously) improve rendering vs dom elements.
And a Wasm can also leverage the GPU so it would yield similar performance comparing apple to apple.
V8 interpreting JS for CPU computation I think is what OP was asking for, as it is relevant to determine the best optimised route to get the highest performance on compute.
If most published benchmark are correct*, then a GPU for graphics applications complied into Wasm coming along CPU compute logic would perform better than its JS+WebGL counter part.
Would be nice to benchmark that to confirm.
*and they probably are as Wasm executes at near native speed. V8 executes certain operations at near native speed. The rest takes the overhead hit of the interpreter.