I'd argue that these regions only became politically volatile because oil was found there.
This create strong asymmetries and strong incentives to project power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oi...
"Owning the wrong books, posting a critical tweet, speaking to a journalist or disagreeing with the Crown Prince can earn you a death sentence." (https://reprieve.org/uk/2024/01/02/saudi-arabia-executed-at-...)