Like how Google has parsed webpages of content to develop their page rank algorithm for searching on the web? I'm assuming it does.
Google is displaying the exact content and a link to the source, and is functioning as a search engine.
Copying music (or whatever), and then outputting music based on the copied music is not the same thing as a search engine, it's outputting a new "art" that is competing with the original.
Another way to put it, is that you can't use a search engine to copy something in any meaningful way, but copying music to produce more music is actually copying something.
> Does copyright law say you can ingest copyrighted work at very large scale and sell derivates of those works to gain massive profit / massive market capitalizations
The reasons as to why I don't think training on copyrighted data are stated in my other comments replying to people who have made arguments about its immorality.
If you search for a Disney movie on Google search, it does not try to sell you a film derived from the movie.
I can also get Disney coloring book pages directly from Google's cache on Google images: https://www.google.com/search?q=disney+princess+coloring+boo...
Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. determined that Google's wholesale scanning and uploading of books is allowed under the first sale doctrine because the University of Michigan library they borrowed the books to scan from paid for them (or a donor paid for them, at some point). Here's a book of bedtime stories available in its entirety: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Picnics_in_the_Wood_and...
Also, Google can and will delist stuff that is violating copyright if you report it: https://transparencyreport.google.com/copyright/overview
The Google Books thing is a lot more interesting I think. I guess the idea is that Google is acting as a Library, and they are lending you the book? I'm not sure how I feel about this and I would need to do a lot more research on it before having a strong opinion.
The other big difference here is that you can't use the content linked from Google search as if it were your own. If you Google search "nes emulator in javascript", and you get a link to a Github repo, you can't copy paste the code as if it were your own, and even basing your code on what you have saw could be risky depending on the license of the repo. LLMs are acting as a sort of search engine, pretty similar to how Google search does, but people are using the output from the "search" as if it were their own work that they have full rights to!
> Does copyright law say you can ingest copyrighted work at very large scale and sell derivates of those works
In that case the OP should have never posed this irrelevant question because access to the expression isn't giving access to a derivative work.