Therefore any transistor, triode or any other controllable device has only 2 states, i.e. on and off, where the power consumption is negligible.
Any kind of logic circuits that use transistors or triodes that stay in any other intermediate states between on and off (like in analog circuits) would consume too much power and would overheat. A MOSFET can have any intermediate state between on and off, the current through it can be varied continuously as a function of the gate voltage, but it will dissipate a great amount of power in any of the intermediate states. There is no difference from this point of view between MOSFETs and vacuum tubes. Setun just had too few and too big vacuum tubes to worry about the power consumption.
The kinds of logic circuits where not all transistors or triodes are on or off have been abandoned 40 years ago and there is no chance for them to ever come back, because at the current component densities their power consumption would be enormous.
The only way to use devices with more than 2 states in logic circuits would be to use devices with a variable reactance, for instance varicap diodes, because those do not consume active power.
However the devices with controllable reactance cannot use DC power supplies, they need AC power supplies, which creates a lot of problems for which there are no known solutions at this time, so nobody has designed yet a complex logic circuit based on controllable reactances instead of transistors.
As long as electronic devices with DC power supplies will be used, binary logic is the only kind of logic permitted by the energetic constraints.
Only in the non-volatile flash memories, multiple values of electric charge can be stored in a capacitor, because it does not consume any power for storage.