Yes, there's a school of philosophy that claims that AI cannot be built with digital hardware because it needs infinite state. Penrose is the leading exponent of this argument.[1] This isn't taken too seriously any more, now that finite machines are doing so well at AI.
This is close to theology. Man must be special, right? Only humans can play chess, right? Play Go? Pass the Turing test? Create art and music? We're running out of boxes to check. Common sense (as in getting through the next 30 seconds without a major screwup) and manipulation in unstructured settings are still in bad shape, but we only need squirrel-level AI for that.
On that subject, there was a "what does the cerebellum do" article on HN a few days ago. That's a big issue. The lower mammal brains are mostly cerebellum. The weak areas in AI at present are mostly cerebellum functions. That area has never gotten enough attention in AI research. Today, though, the amount of hardware to do a low-end mammal cerebellum equivalent doesn't seem at all unreasonable.
[1] https://sortingsearching.com/2021/07/18/roger-penrose-ai-ske...