Yes a 3-5 min UHPLC/MS (and even a UHPLC/UV which is cheaper) can tell you that. Cost of experiment? $10 (not including human cost) Cost of equipment $200k-$400k for this kind of things. One machine and one operator can analyze hundreds of samples a day (once the sample is ready you don't have to stay in front it is fully automated).

For just detecting Meth there are much faster and cheaper methods. But the one I am talking about has the advantage to also allow for detection of other things like steroids (extremely common in supplements), opioids (same) etc

The only thing it will not work well for is anything inorganic, so if they put lead or chrome salts you will not see them and really small (solvents for example) and really large (proteins, large sugars etc)