And or course on a recorded interview/questioning, right? Because if there was no recording then it’s my word against police’s, right?
(I am not from US).
Nope. You need to express your desire to stay silent early in the "arrest or questioning" process with the police. I'm not an expert, so I don't want to pretend when your words can be used against you, but if a cop hears you say something, they can quote you in court.
Also, here is a fun twist. Your words can be used against you in court, but not for you. For instance: if the cop writes down a bunch of stuff you said while being arrested, and your defense lawyer wants to look at it -they are not allowed to see it-. They can only see the stuff the cops use to charge you
This is incorrect.
Withholding exculpatory evidence can get cops & prosecution into a lot of hot water.
This is called the Brady or Brady/Giglio rule.
Brady v. Maryland (373 U.S. 83 (1963)
Giglio v. United States (405 U.S. 150 (1972)
> It cannot help you. You can't talk your way out of getting arrested, and contrary to what you might suppose if you never studied the Rules of Evidence, what you tell the police - even if it's exculpatory - cannot be used to help you at trial, because it's what we call hearsay. Under the rules of evidence - specifically Rule 801(d)(2)(A), if you want to look it up - everything you tell the police, as the saying goes, can and will be used against you but it cannot be used for you.
Professor James Duane, the speaker, refers to Federal Rules of Evidence Rule 801. Definitions That Apply to This Article; Exclusions from Hearsay [1]. My layperson understanding of 801(c) and 801(d)(2)(A) is: if you are the defendant, what you told the police prior to a trial is not hearsay when during the trial the prosecution (of their own volition) tells the court your words as evidence but is hearsay when during the trial you ask the prosecution to tell the court your words as evidence.
You have a First Amendment right to record the police, whether you're involved in a police interaction or you're a bystander [2]. If the police make you stop recording, try to make you delete the recording, or try to forcefully stop/delete/damage the recording/device, you sue them after the interaction is completely over. But regardless, beyond pleading the 5th Amendment, do not talk to the police at all, especially but not exclusively outside of a trial. You talk to your defense attorney, and your attorney handles the talking with everyone else. You can ask your attorney to admit your recording as evidence.
[1] https://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/fre/rule_801
[2] https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/06/you-have-first-amendme...
Extra notes for personal reference. The first speaker in the "Don't Talk to the Police" video is Professor James Joseph Duane of the Regent University School of Law [E1]. The second speaker is Officer George Bruch of the Virginia Beach Police Department (time 26:51 of the video [E2]).
Upon arrest, you're not obligated to speak or answer anything.
The police are not officers of the court, nor involved in court proceedings during their interactions with the public, so there is no expectation or explicit penalty for not answering. In court, while being questioned, you're compelled, under penalty of perjury, to testify in full and truthfully unless there is a reason you can or may not:
> Do you solemnly (swear/affirm) that you will tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?
The 4th (unreasonable search and seizure) is generally clearer, but I don’t know how it works online “stop and ID” states. IMO those laws are unconstitutional, but I haven’t looked into it because I don’t live in one.
To be clear, not if you're the defendant.
Yes, it means explicitly saying “I invoke my 5th amendment right.” Generally, if you’re being interviewed, this is surprisingly less of an issue, because you’ve already been read your rights, and the interview will be recorded (theoretically, they can disappear sometimes).
This applies to situations BEFORE an arrest, but you may have already been detained. (The 4th amendment and court precedent has more to say about this, but it’s an aside if you aren’t subject to it.)
If it’s your word against the police, with no recording or some other overwhelming evidence, you will lose in a US court. Police body cams help a lot here, but it’s still best to record every police interaction yourself. It’s an unfortunate situation.