>Really, the only memory unsafe languages still in use are C and C++.
Ada, Fortran, assembly?
Ada, Fortran, assembly?
Assembly is in use, yes, but in 2023 I feel there is generally an understanding of the risks and I haven't seen the "write everything in assembly" crew in about 15 years. The problem is that there's still too many programmers blithely using C and C++ without realizing the risks and thinking they can cowboy through the problems. For every line of vulnerable, dangerous assembly I bet there's thousands of lines of C or C++.
There is also the problem that there have been some big bugs that got through even static analysis and fuzz testing, but I'd still be at least reasonably satisfied if all the critical software in C and C++ would be supported by those tools. Interpreters and compilers have had non-zero error rates too.
At the scale I'm talking about, Ada is a non-entity as well. It isn't used. "But it is! I'm a professional Ada programmer!" says someone reading this to themselves. In which case I would say, you darned well know what I mean and don't pretend otherwise just to try to score useless internet points. Ada is not a relevant force on the programming world. That may be sad, but it's true.
Duplicating the DO-178B certification that it has obtained in an endorsed language will be an incredible burden for any who attempt it.
(My reading is that the GP points to the exemplary achievement that SQLite has reached a close to (security) bugfree, at what I consider a nearly superhuman effort)
Plus everything that needs to directly interface with the above languages. So many Python libraries that are one "funny integer" away from a nightmare debugging session.
Hasn't it always been? I'm no expert but always assumed that it was used basically military and avionics, and perhaps other safety critical equipment.
No pointer direct arithmetic, though. If you allocate the memory via allocate, you can inquire if it's been deallocated.
http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/rm12_w_tc1/html/RM-13-9-1....
https://old.reddit.com/r/ada/comments/mme3jk/is_ada_memory_s...
In other words, if you go out of your way to use unsafe features, and don't use the features that compensate, Ada is memory unsafe. This has become the goto dismissal of Ada, apparently more popular than "eww...a BEGIN..END language" and "designed by committee/government tainted".