But native code dependencies in those languages usually work similarly to JNI in java, where you write wrapper code in c or c++ to convert from native apis to the interpretor's interface. So interfacing with native code isn't fundamentally easier than for java. Python does have ctypes, but that isn't what libraries like numpy use, probably because of performance.

I think there are a couple of other reasons why Java doesn't have the same problems with brittle builds. One is that for python and ruby and to a lesser extent node, it is more often necessary to use native code to get desirable performance, so there are more cases where native code is used. Another is that in the JVM ecosystem, it is more common for packages to be distributed in binary form rather than as sources, so you don't run into problems compiling dependencies, because you download a package that already has the compiled library in it.