Novel protocol usage gives off that kind of smell too.
This awakens memories of GCHQ attacks on Belgian(?) telecom providers; they really are inherent gold mines for dragnet surveillance, stealing database, offensive cyberattacks and probably lots more. There’s a reason Huawei is subsidized for offering cheap 5g infrastructure to international clients, it’s a real nice thing to have backdoors to. Not saying the west is much better in this regard, Cisco has been more than compliant in similar shenanigans just to name one.