No, because a branch is a (re-assignable) name for some commit and cannot point at different commits while in the same repository at the same time. A "branch but at different commits" simply makes no sense. You can however create a worktree with a detached HEAD pointing at any commit. By default it seems to create a branch for each worktree.

Somewhat pedantic but relevant. A branch is a single commit. There aren't different commits _in_ a branch to checkout.

Regardless, if you are asking whether you can check out commit that doesn't have a branch pointing at it, yes you can.

You can have a work tree for every commit in your repository if you like.