I get regular emails from retailers and banks reminding me that they will never call and ask for money or personal info. Then they state exactly what you said; hang up and call the institution's official number if you're unsure who is calling.
(Note: a quick way to find the official number is by looking on your debit/credit card. It should be printed on there.)
(Note note: Don't sign your credit/debit card. Put "SEE ID" or something in the signature area.)