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Is MPI still widely used?

MPI is industry standard at this point.

When I was in the university is what still pretty much PVM vs MPI fighting for attention.

I bet no one remembers what PVM was all about now.

What would replace it?

Chapel[0] was created, in part to replace MPI in HPC communities. However, MPI remains dominant.

I would say Chapel was created less to replace MPI and more to provide a higher-level alternative to it that is amenable to compiler optimization.

I dont expect a new PL to replace a library anytime soon.