What do you mean "in the same sense we do?"
Pets are good at learning your schedule. They know when you normally come home, or when you feed them, and they start to get impatient if you're late in either.
Sure, that example relies on another factor as a frame of reference (hunger, or the sun setting). But don't humans do that as well? Our sense of time shifts dramatically when we're kept indoors without the ability to see natural light.