> This is compounded by the fact that the energy it takes to turn CO2 back into fuel can never be less than the energy released by the fuel.
That doesn’t seem right. Most fossil fuels have multiple CH3 complexes. Even without pulling up the enthalpy of combustion of the molecules, I’d still wager that the 3-H’s combing with O2’s will produce more than the balance of re-capturing the C’s.