This is a cool idea, but I wish we didn't call everything that is bike-friendly "Dutch". There are many towns and city centres that are good for cycling and walking, across Europe and beyond.
I’ll grant you that as a tour cyclist you don’t see the nitty gritty local routes that aren’t always safe. A bad urban design that’s quite common is a right turn for cars at a traffic light with a parallel cycling path sharing the same green. Cars get green and take the turn while the cyclist goes straight ahead.
But really, I have found that the more non-urban it gets, the more likely it is sideskirts where cars pass you at 80kmh at a meter distance are the best you can hope for. Data on how people commute supports this BTW: the Netherlands _also_ is a car loving country, yet those worlds rarely seem to speak. I'm not terribly Dutch, so I seem to be not observing some social and regional walls or something.
So yeah I see your distinction. I made it myself too. Solo tour cycling I feel is safe everywhere. Only in the peleton have I met plenty of dangerous situation in the 50 and 80 roads. It’s why most people both cycle and drive, but hate “wielrenners”.
Even your point about the space needed for a car to pass a cyclist is on spot. I feel safe when a car passes at a meter. I’m going straight, the car moves a 20 cm to the left from the middle of the lane.. fits perfectly. It’s a meter length to pass with 10 m/s speed difference. Even in Italy or Spain the cyclists don’t like the “Dutch distance” I’ve noticed. Perhaps I’m confirming my own bias here though.