If the cost of owning and operating a car included paying for externalities like CO2 emissions it would already be unaffordable to the middle class. Internalizing those costs is only fair.
I think the better approach is Locke's "enough and as good" proviso.
A false equivalence.
No (non-nuclear) renewable technology currently exists that can by itself meet the energy demands of developed world standards of living. I'm not sure if wind and solar alone can even meet a developing country's standard of living. I'd really like it if we could build a thousand new nuclear power plants, but of course, reality is often disappointing and we get things like Germany shutting down its nuclear reactors and burning more coal instead.