Dispatch queue. Android has the equivalent thing.
Must be disabled on Samsung flagships, as these are the ones I have experience with, and I wouldn't say touch response is bounded on them, not for any useful definition of "response" and "bounded".
The last mobile device I used that had sane input response was a Sony Ericsson K800i feature phone. Input processing on it was fast, and most importantly, consistent. That means predictable - I could do most stuff on that phone while keeping it in my pocket, because I muscle-memorized the input sequences and how long every action took. Such a thing is impossible on smartphones.