Maybe the key takeaway for real life is to not stir your tea so vigorously that you scratch chunks off your mug. Never assume that other people do or do not do something that you might find odd.
You can certainly chip it off, but that's a different mechanism of action.
It is reversible and you can "wipe" it off using acid and abrasives but it's tedious as the metal adheres really good to the ceramic.
Probably, it's additive for sure, you can remove them quite easily: https://www.reddit.com/r/CleaningTips/comments/11z7get/thoug...
Set glazing basically is glass, you wan't scratch that very easily
https://www.barkeepersfriend.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/...
Here are the ingredients:
Feldspar
Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
Oxalic acid