It’s all about files. That we have a photos app with a custom database is an obvious failure of the OS file system. Why didn’t the BeOS approach work?
Proper use of file attributes could help a lot, but while almost all modern OSes and FSes support them, AFAIK only MacOS makes much non-system use of them, and they have poor portability across systems. Even copying a file can lose them if the utility is not aware of them