In my experience as a nearsighted person, this effect is much more pronounced while wearing glasses; less so with contacts, and almost nil without any vision correction.
However, when I got older and went from "perfect" vision to needing glasses (textbook presbyopia), the chromatic aberration of the lenses has intensified the chromosteropsis to a whole new level!
Moving my head around (changing angle of glasses, thus severity/direction of aberration) while looking at that top images in TFA is quite a trip. For those who cannot see what I see...imagine the red and blue being printed on separate sheets of transparent film, and then slid around a few mm independently.