Any useful software that also happens to be free and/or open source? I just realized I don't know anything about this fascinating stuff
To see what's possible with amateur-grade equipment, go to AstroBin.com; e.g., Jupiter with 14" telescope:
https://www.astrobin.com/bzxs52/?q=jupiter%20c14
(Shameless plug: I have some Jupiter shots and time lapses in my gallery [5] as well. Sadly, no impacts caught - yet!)
Lastly, for lunar/solar/planetary imaging light pollution is not an issue - they're bright enough.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_seeing
[2] cloudynights.com
[3] stargazerslounge.com
[4] solarchatforum.com
Because I don't have hands on experience with anything other than my gear, I can't really recommend specific models. Celestron would be a good safe starting point. The magazine/sites from places like Sky&Telescope or BBC Sky at Night, will publish reviews of new gear ranging from "baby's first scope" to as much money as you have.
Celestron sell some incredible scopes at incredible prices. But I would be very wary of their lower-end stuff. There's a reason why "Don't buy a powerseeker" is a phrase repeated over and over again to people starting out in this hobby.